Supply Chain Management

RichWave is a professional chip R&D company that does not engage in large-scale production. All product raw material procurement, wafer fabrication, packaging, and testing are carried out by our suppliers and partners. Since the raw material sourcing, design and manufacturing, and transportation stages of the product life cycle are all closely related to the supply chain, in order to avoid negative impacts on society and the environment, we are committed to cooperating with our suppliers. Through new supplier selection, existing supplier evaluation and auditing, we strictly require suppliers to comply with the local economic, environmental, and labor laws and regulations, fulfill their social and environmental responsibilities, comply with the RBA (Responsible Business Alliance) Code of Conduct, and prohibit the use of conflict minerals, as well as to implement energy-saving, emission reduction, and pollution prevention to form a sustainable supply chain for RichWave products.

Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream Industrial Chain Relationship

RichWave comply with the ISO9001 quality management system and ISO14001 environmental management system standards from order taking, design and development, purchasing, manufacturing, quality, packaging and delivery of finished products to after-sales services. With our core business centered on manufacturing and marketing both standard and customized products, the Company exercises comprehensive control over all main and sub- processes related to manufacturing and sales. From customer requirements and communication, manufacturing, and product delivery to continuous process and product improvement, all operations strictly adhere to international standards. Furthermore, we continuously monitor and review information regarding these internal and external factors to ensure the ongoing advancement of our quality and service.

Responsible Supply Chain

To mitigate the product value chain’s negative impact on the local environment and society, as well as to effectively manage potential risks, RichWave has created a QA Department to supervise suppliers’ legal compliance in aspects such as environment, occupational safety, and health or labor rights, as well as to ensure the fulfillment of corporate social responsibilities.

We have established a comprehensive supplier management process, where the screening stage of new suppliers involves a detailed review of their sustainability performance; apart from reviewing their engineering capabilities, we also demand our suppliers provide international quality certification, request a declaration that they do not use any hazardous substance, and complete the conflict minerals investigation before they can be registered as RichWave’s suppliers. In 2025, one new supplier was approved for registration after being screened for environmental and social standards.

In terms of existing suppliers, we carry out regular supplier evaluations and supplier audits every year. In addition to evaluating the quality and reliability of suppliers, we also incorporate ESG-related scores into our supplier audits. For suppliers with scores below the required level, we will provide counseling to improve the situation, and if the results of the re-evaluation and tracking results still fail to meet the standards, we will stop purchasing or cancel the qualification of the suppliers. In 2025, we conducted audits on 23 of our main suppliers across three major categories (wafer, packaging, and testing), achieving an audit coverage rate of 100%, and no suppliers exhibited negative ESG impacts.

Furthermore, we have fully implemented an ESG policy for our suppliers and established a supplier human rights due diligence mechanism. We require all suppliers to adhere to our human rights policy. We also conduct supplier audits focusing on identified potential human rights risks (e.g., forced labor, child labor, health and safety, fair wages, and freedom of assembly and association) to ensure their compliance with human rights-related commitments and regulations. If any supplier is found to be non-compliant with laws or human rights policies during the audit, they will be required to provide a remedial or mitigation action plan, which the Company will continue to track. In 2025, human rights due diligence was conducted on 23 major suppliers across three categories, wafers, packaging, and testing, and no human rights violations requiring immediate action were found. For key audit details, please refer to the “RichWave Supplier ESG Audit Plan” below.

Furthermore, we convene quarterly supplier meetings to exchange quality, construction, delivery, and production capacity-related opinions with our suppliers, as well as share experiences and reach a consensus in the field of sustainability for the sake of forging a long-term, stable partnership and bolstering the sustainability of the supply chain.

RichWave’s Supplier Management Process

RichWave’s Supplier ESG Audit Plan

Certification Statistics of Suppliers

In 2025, an additional wafer fab obtained ISO 45001 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems certification compared to 2024. Moreover, all 13 major suppliers of RichWave obtained ISO 9001 Quality Management System, IATF 16949 Automotive Quality Management System, and ISO 14001 Environmental Management System certifications in 2025. Other certifications are being acquired according to the individual suppliers' schedules.

Local Procurement

RichWave understands that transportation of raw materials has a significant impact on GHG emissions during the product life cycle, hence we have vigorously advocated the local procurement policy, which involves prioritizing local suppliers when making purchases. In 2025, RichWave’s procurement from domestic suppliers accounted for 68.6% of its total procurement volume. While local capacity constraints prompted a strategic reallocation of certain production lines to overseas supply chains, the Company remains firmly committed to localized sourcing and continues to actively qualify alternative domestic vendors. For 2026–2029, the Company has established annual targets to maintain local procurement above 67.5% of its total volume, with local sourcing for key raw materials exceeding 50%, thereby further fortifying the resilience of the local supply chain. In the future, we will continue to implement local procurement on the premise of prompt delivery and lowering supply risks; besides decreasing transport-related carbon emissions and costs, we can also foster developments in the domestic industry and reduce our reliance on foreign manufacturers.

RichWave’s Local Procurement Ration in 2025

Note. The definition of local procurement is "statistical calculation based on the product's shipping location,” and the statistical scope includes all business locations in Taiwan.

Green Procurement

Green consumption has become an international trend; thus, consumers and enterprises are leaning toward green products and services. At RichWave, we have internalized the concept of environmental sustainability into our procurement policy by choosing products that comply with green and environmental regulations including domestic/overseas environmental labels, energy-saving labels, carbon footprint labels, carbon reduction labels, Energy Star, FSC, and PEFC sustainable forest labels. While mitigating the environmental impact of our operations, the company also benefits from decreased energy expenditures, thus we will continue to materialize green procurement to support the development of green products and industries through tangible actions.

RichWave green procurement in 2025

Raw Material Management

Chemical Substance Management

RichWave sees maintaining customers’ health and safety and the natural environment as our responsibility. We have not only obtained ISO 9001:2015 certification and maintained IECQ QC080000 compliance but also the SONY GP (Green Partner) and Samsung Eco-Partner certification by rigorously controlling the chemical substances of our raw materials.

To ensure the safety and eco-friendliness of our products, we have stipulated the environmental substance control protocol, demanding our tier-1 suppliers to respond to the survey results after the biannual EU REACH dossier updates are published, and all the suppliers must provide a REACH certificate of non-use, Safety Data Sheet (SDS), and Hazardous Substance Free (HSF) declaration of compliance. The finished chips are sent to a third- party certification organization for hazardous substance testing every year. In 2025, all finished chips tested complied with RoHS and halogen-free requirements.

In addition, all suppliers are required to provide third-party testing ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) reports within one year to the Company, and the reports must contain at least 10 items of RoHS and halogen (for organic substances) test results. In 2025, the test reports of all raw materials were all updated and the compliance rate was 100%. For other special requirements from our customers including SONY GP, POP 65, and REACH Annex XVII, we will conduct individual reviews and include them in the list of HSF customer rules and legal regulations for management purposes.

In 2025, RichWave has confirmed that 100% of our materials comply with RoHS, halogen-free, and REACH requirements through the quality management system, and there were no product and service-related health and safety violations. Furthermore, we have included the RoHS, Lead-Free, and Halogen-Free labels on the products’ external packaging and product specifications, and third-party ICP test reports for various materials are provided based on the product model number so that consumers can prevent hazardous substances from endangering people’s health and the surrounding environment while enjoying convenience made possible by modern technology.

RichWave’s Quality Management Process

RichWave’s Chemical Substance Management Framework

Overview of green product certifications and labels obtained by RichWave

RichWave’s products have obtained RoHS, Lead- Free, and Halogen-Free labels

Key Raw Material Management

RichWave defines high-value raw materials as critical raw materials. In 2025, wafers accounted for 58.8% of the total raw material procurement value and were classified as a critical raw material for the Company. Driven by reduced local sourcing costs, this procurement value decreased by 2.2% compared to 2024. To ensure a stable and continuous supply of critical raw materials, two or more foundries are engaged for the same type of wafer manufacturing process (e.g., GaAs/SOI, etc.) so that production risk is minimized by avoiding the impact of sudden climate accidents, material shortages, transportation delays, and other factors on the product manufacturing.

Conflict Mineral Management

Conflict minerals such as tantalum, tin, gold, and tungsten are obtained from the DRC that are often associated with armed conflicts, endangerment of the local environment, and human rights. Since tantalum, tin, gold, and tungsten are important raw materials in the manufacturing of electronic products, how to prevent human rights violations and environmental damages resulting from the purchase of conflict minerals has become a key challenge for the management of the electronic product supply chain.

RichWave has specified in its Environmental Substance Management procedures the conflict minerals control requirements that suppliers need to follow. We have prohibited our suppliers from using conflict minerals (including tantalum, tin, gold, tungsten, and other minerals or derivatives from the DRC and surrounding countries/regions that are deemed to have been associated with sponsoring armed conflicts in the said countries/regions). We have also established a comprehensive conflict mineral management process to conduct conflict mineral investigations on our primary and secondary suppliers. The system is used to identify and adequately control conflict mineral-related risks.

RichWave’s Conflict Mineral Management Process

Implementation Status of RichWave’s Conflict Mineral Investigation